2011-3-15  The processing of shale oil is essentially done by retorting, which consists of heating crushed shale in a closed vessel up to a temperature (~ 500 °C) at which the matter releases crude oil, gases, char, and steam. The fraction of extractable oil is 10–20% by

Covers production processes technologies such as: surface mining and retorting, in Situ Retoring and processes, direct and indirect retorting and hydrotreatment for shale oil. Methods which should reduce environmental footprint; Easy-to-read understand overview of the chemistry, engineering, and of shale oil

It is mined underground. In China, the Fushun open pit mine has been operated for more than 70 years, mainly for coal production and also for oil shale, as a byproduct, which lies on the upper layer of the coal bed. Part of the oil shale mined is used for retorting for producing shale oil.

Application of underground mining of oil shale created underground free space and, as it had been mined below the groundwater level, the workings filled with water after their

Oil shale must be mined using either underground- or surface-mining methods. After excavation, the oil shale must undergo retorting. This is when the mined rock is exposed to the process

2006-6-13  Oil Processing Design Specifications Oil composition 1. No significant sulfur content 2. Carbon solid from cracking is not produced 3. Heavy hydrocarbons are not produced 4. TBP curve of a sample light sweet crude oil is being used currently. • Update with compositional model results Production 1. 20 acres produced from one facility 2.

2020-12-30  This technique allows them to access 10,000 feet of the reservoir rock. 4  They then pump high-pressure bursts of water, sand, and chemicals to fracture the shale and release the oil. The sand holds the fractures open. That allows the oil

• Shale oil is obtained from oil shale by heating ker ogen in a process called pyrolysis. • Shale oil is produced at much higher temperatures . • The rock is crushed and heated to release ...

2021-4-14  In these processes, oil shale is no longer mined to the surface for combustion or power generation, as in coal mining, but is heated in situ underground to complete organic matter pyrolysis. Enterprises only extract the pyrolysis product shale oil to the surface for utilization.

2017-1-16  2. Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.1 Mining Location 2.2 Mineable Reserves 2.3 History of Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.4 Development of Mining Technology in Estonia and Russia 2.5 Surface Mining in Estonia 2.6. Underground Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.7. Separation of Oil Shale from Waste 2.8. Economics and Organization 2.9.

Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.1 Mining Location In the area of the former Russian Empire and USSR there are two regions where oil shale has been exploited. The first, the Baltic oil shale area, located at the Republic of Estonia and the Leningrad Province of Russia, near the Gulf of Finland, covers about fifty thousand square ...

All previous mining activities have produced mining waste, e.g. the total volume of waste rock from Estonian oil shale mining is more than 76 million m3 and covers about 790 ha [31][32][33][34].

2006-6-13  conversion process that looks promising for the future of shale oil production. Shale oil has had a long history in the United States. The federal government first realized its usefulness in the early nineteenth century. Since then, several attempts have been made to develop a process that can economically produce shale oil on a commercial scale.

2006-6-13  Shale Oil: Definition • Sedimentary rock with a high organic content – Organic matter is known as kerogen • Kerogen: – MW avg. =3000 – Approximate formula C200 H300 SN 5O11 1 1. Feng H.Y. Rates Of Pyrolysis Of Colorado shale oil. p. 732. American Institute Of Chemical Engineers Journal . Vol. 31 No. 5. 1985.

Oil shale can be mined using one of two methods: underground mining using the room-and-pillar method or surface mining. After mining, the oil shale is transported to a facility for retorting, a heating process that separates the oil fractions of oil shale from the mineral fraction.. The vessel in which retorting takes place is known as a retort ...

2020-12-30  Shale oil is a high-quality crude oil that lies between layers of shale rock, impermeable mudstone, or siltstone. Oil companies produce shale oil by fracturing the rock formations that contain the layers of oil. Since 2014, U.S. shale oil has created a boom in domestic crude oil production. 1  Shale oil

2019-7-25  process, and the majority of the pyrolysis occurs in a settling-bed (plug flow) unit. Oil yields were typically 96% and 102% of Fischer Assay for 22 and 38 gal/ton oil shale, respectively. Clogging due to melting of rich shal e was never a problem, despite folk lore to the contrary.

2021-2-12  The application progress of oil shale retorting process at home and abroad is mainly introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of dry distillation furnaces in different countries are compared. The development trend of oil shale retorting process is prospected. At present, several oil shale retorting technologies have been applied and newly appeared in Fushun furnace retorting,

2021-4-14  Thermal damage is of great importance to oil shale in situ mining. In this study, the relationship between the P-wave velocity, peak strength, and elastic modulus of samples from Nong’an County, Jilin Province, China, and temperature is analysed (at temperatures of 25–700 °C), and damage factors are defined to evaluate the damage degree. The effect of organic matter pyrolysis on the ...

2017-1-16  2. Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.1 Mining Location 2.2 Mineable Reserves 2.3 History of Oil Shale Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.4 Development of Mining Technology in Estonia and Russia 2.5 Surface Mining in Estonia 2.6. Underground Mining in Estonia and Russia 2.7. Separation of Oil Shale from Waste 2.8. Economics and Organization 2.9.

2013-10-4  First oil shale mines in Estonia 1918 Continuous mining 1924 First oil plant oil shale- fired power plant 1931 Gasoline refinery 1949-69 1980 Four oil shale fired power plants Enefit’s Narva Oil Plant 2004 2009 Investment decision for new generation Enefit oil plant 2016 22 000 bbl/day domestic shale oil industry

The extraction method of heating the crushed oil shale (retorts) and distilling it via a condenser was refined over a long period. The modern use of oil shale for oil extraction as an industry began in France, where commercial mining began in 1837. During the second half of the 19th century shale oil

Extracting and processing shale oil is an expensive and difficult process. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are less expensive to extract. Australia, Brazil, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, and South Africa began mining oil shale in the 19th and 20th centuries, but

2006-6-13  conversion process that looks promising for the future of shale oil production. Shale oil has had a long history in the United States. The federal government first realized its usefulness in the early nineteenth century. Since then, several attempts have been made to develop a process that can economically produce shale oil on a commercial scale.

2007-3-19  120 An Assessment of Oil Shale Technologies its can be retorted, oil recoveries per acre affected are high, and relatively few surface facilities are required. However, some mining and some dis-

2019-3-16  However, producing shale oil requires digging up a considerable amount of land to mine the oil shales. This is far less convenient and much more environmentally concerning than regular oil drilling. In addition, mining oil shales and heating them to produce shale oil is a costly and time-consuming process.

2021-6-30  One involves mining and crushing oil shale and then transporting the rock to a processing plant where it is heated in special retorts to temperatures of about 500 °C (930 °F). The intense heat releases oil vapours from the rock, which liquefy in a series of condensers. The other process

2019-7-25  process, and the majority of the pyrolysis occurs in a settling-bed (plug flow) unit. Oil yields were typically 96% and 102% of Fischer Assay for 22 and 38 gal/ton oil shale, respectively. Clogging due to melting of rich shal e was never a problem, despite folk lore to the contrary.

2020-3-6  Surface mining of oil shale deposits causes the usual environmental impacts of open-pit mining. In addition, the combustion and thermal processing generate waste material, which must be disposed of, and harmful atmospheric emissions, including carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas.